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Case Studies Index

This directory contains real-world case studies illustrating Physical AI and humanoid robotics applications across various industries.

Distribution by Domain​

DomainCoverageCase Studies
Manufacturing & Logistics35%5 studies
Healthcare & Rehabilitation25%3 studies
Research & Academia20%3 studies
Disaster Response & Hazardous12%2 studies
Consumer & Service8%1 study

Total: 14 case studies

Manufacturing & Logistics (35%)​

Case StudyCompanyRobotYear
Figure AI + BMWFigure AI / BMWFigure 012024
Tesla OptimusTeslaOptimus2024
Amazon + Agility DigitAmazon / AgilityDigit2024
Apptronik + MercedesApptronik / MercedesApollo2024
Warehouse Automation TrendsIndustryVarious2023

Healthcare & Rehabilitation (25%)​

Case StudyCompanyRobotYear
Diligent MoxiDiligent RoboticsMoxi2024
Toyota HSRToyotaHSR2023
Exoskeleton RehabReWalk / EksoVarious2023

Research & Academia (20%)​

Case StudyInstitutionFocusYear
MIT Humanoid LabMITDynamic Locomotion2024
Berkeley BAIRUC BerkeleyManipulation & Learning2024
Stanford IRISStanfordHuman-Robot Interaction2023

Disaster Response & Hazardous (12%)​

Case StudyCompanyRobotYear
Boston Dynamics AtlasBoston DynamicsAtlas2024
ANYmal InspectionANYboticsANYmal2023

Consumer & Service (8%)​

Case StudyCompanyRobotYear
1X NEO1X TechnologiesNEO2025

Case Study Format​

Each case study follows a consistent structure:

  1. Summary: Brief overview (200-300 words)
  2. Background: Company and context information
  3. Technical Implementation: Detailed technical analysis
  4. Outcomes: Results and lessons learned
  5. Ethical Considerations: Relevant ethical aspects
  6. Discussion Questions: For classroom use
  7. Related Modules: Links to textbook content
  8. External References: Further reading

Module Connections​

Case studies are linked to relevant textbook modules:

ModuleRelated Case Studies
04: Sensors & PerceptionANYmal Inspection
05: Dynamics & ControlTesla Optimus, Exoskeleton Rehab
06: Motion PlanningAmazon Digit, Moxi, ANYmal
07: ManipulationFigure BMW, Tesla, Berkeley BAIR, 1X NEO
08: LocomotionAtlas, MIT Humanoid, Amazon Digit
09: ROS2 IntegrationMoxi, Warehouse Trends
10: Sim-to-RealFigure BMW, Atlas, ANYmal
11: Learning-Based ControlTesla Optimus, MIT, Berkeley
12: Human-Robot InteractionApptronik Mercedes, Moxi, Toyota HSR, Stanford, 1X NEO
13: Full-Body AutonomyAtlas, MIT
14: Capstone IntegrationStanford IRIS, 1X NEO

Updating Case Studies​

Case studies are reviewed quarterly to ensure currency:

  • current: Information verified within 12 months
  • dated: 12-18 months old, "Current as of" warning added
  • archived: Moved to archive/, kept for historical reference